Internal Structure of Lighting Fixtures

LED Chip

The light source of LED fixtures is a solid-state semiconductor device, also known as an LED emitting chip. It is the core component of LED lights and determines whether a light can achieve advantages such as high luminous efficiency, high color rendering index, and high junction temperature. Expensive LED lights are usually costly because of the chip. Conversely, poor-quality chips will inevitably affect the lifespan of the fixture. If the new light you bought at home needs to be replaced "every year," it indicates that the chip quality is subpar.

Power Driver

The LED driver is a power converter that transforms the power supply into a specific voltage and current to drive the LED light source. Typically, the input of an LED driver includes high-voltage AC, low-voltage DC, high-voltage DC, and low-voltage high-frequency AC.
The lifespan of the fixture is closely related to the quality of the power driver. A high-quality power driver can prevent the driving current from exceeding its maximum rated value, ensuring that the LED light achieves the desired brightness and color temperature. Stable constant current input and output effectively extend the lifespan of the fixture.

Lens

LED lenses are divided into primary and secondary lenses. When we refer to "lenses," we generally mean secondary lenses, which are closely integrated with LED chips, COBs, and other light sources. Different lenses can be used to achieve the desired optical effects based on specific requirements.
Currently, the main material for LED lenses on the market is PMMA, which has good plasticity and high light transmittance (up to 93%). However, its temperature resistance is relatively low, around 90 degrees Celsius. Most secondary lenses on the market are designed with total internal reflection (TIR), where the front side uses a transmissive focusing design, and the conical surface collects and reflects all side light. The overlap of these two types of light results in perfect light utilization and beautiful light spot effects. TIR lenses can achieve efficiencies of over 90% and are mainly used in narrow-angle fixtures (beam angle < 60°), such as spotlights and ceiling lights.

Reflector Cup

The typical luminous angle of an LED light source is around 120°. To achieve the desired optical effects, fixtures sometimes use reflectors to adjust the illumination distance, light area, and spot effect.
By using computer modeling to simulate the luminous angle of the reflector cup and the spatial structure of the LED reflector, the refraction trajectory of the light can be traced. This allows for adjustments to the curvature parameters of the reflector cup to achieve optimal light intensity distribution and meet various beam angle requirements for flashlight reflectors. This significantly improves the efficiency of LED reflectors and reduces the potential for light scattering and glare.

Heat Sink

LEDs generate heat during operation, and if this heat is not dissipated quickly, the LED chips can experience rapid light decay and significantly reduced lifespan due to high temperatures. The dissipation of heat through airflow and convection creates a high-speed circulation, ensuring the fixture operates in a stable state.
The heat sources in LED lighting primarily come from two parts: the light source and the power driver. For the light source, it is crucial to ensure effective contact between the PCB and the heat sink; the larger the effective contact area, the better the heat dissipation. Additionally, it’s important to maintain a smooth thermal conduction interface between different materials. The fit between thermal conductors should be tight, minimizing gaps between contacting surfaces. The natural convection cooling method of LED fixtures also requires an effective heat dissipation area, so the outer surface of the heat sink is often textured to increase the effective heat exchange area. Furthermore, when applying different colored coatings, consideration should be given to the thickness of the paint and its thermal conductivity and radiative properties.

The quality of a good lamp lies in the details.OTESHEN is a reliable OEM/ODM partner, Oteshen lighting is  your best choice. If you have any questions or need more information, please feel free to contact our customer service team. We will be happy to assist you. We provide professional customer support and fast delivery services to ensure you have a satisfactory shopping experience.